Replication creates identical DNA strands, while transcription converts DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA). Translation then decodes mRNA into amino acids, forming proteins essential for life functions.

In the following articles, we'll take a more in-depth look at RNA polymerase, the stages of transcription, and the process of RNA modification in eukaryotes. We'll also consider some important differences …

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Learn about RNA and protein synthesis in molecular genetics with this high school biology resource from Khan Academy.

The end result is a polypeptide whose amino acid sequence mirrors the sequence of codons in the mRNA. That's the big picture of translation. But what about the nitty gritty of how translation begins, …

But, in eukaryotic cells, things are a little bit different. So transcription... happens in the nucleus, and translation happens in the cytoplasm where there are ribosomes. And so the mRNA, after it's made, …

This includes the roles of codons and anticodons in dictating protein synthesis, the importance of degenerate coding in maintaining genetic fidelity, and the key steps in translation initiation and …

The parts of the transcript that are reconnected are called exons, and they are generally the protein-coding parts of the gene. The continuous sequence of exons is used to synthesize a protein during …

If this is a new concept for you, you may want to learn more by watching Sal's video on transcription and translation.

We already saw how miRNAs can inhibit translation, but there are a number of other ways that translation of an mRNA can also be regulated in a cell. One key step for regulation is translation …