Developed by CSIRO, the ACCESS Earth System Model 1.5 (ACCESS-EM1.5) has been heavily used by the research community in many areas, both globally and in Australia, as a tool for understanding and ...

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Earth System Model (ESM) evaluation is performed to assess the performance of a model either against predecessor versions, a wider set of other models or against observations. The evaluation of ESMs ...

Analysis of Earth system model simulations in combination with observations to better understand the processes of climate change and the climate system. Development of ‘Emergent Constraints‘ to ...

Earth system models such as Earth4All take into account important processes in the atmosphere and its interactions with other components such as oceans and land. In principle, they can therefore ...

“This work presents by far the most comprehensive whole-Earth system model to estimate how ocean pH likely evolved during Earth’s history.” The term pH (“potential of hydrogen”) is a measure of the ...

Earth system models (ESMs), used in climate simulations and projections, typically use grids of 50–200 km resolution. These are considered relatively coarse with limited ability to resolve land ...

The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology is developing a first-for-India Earth System Model to improve climate forecasts and predict climate impacts. The model is expected to be completed by ...

Scientists at Yale and in Singapore have devised what may be the ultimate acid test—a comprehensive model for estimating the origins of Earth's habitability, based in part on ocean acidity.