A research team has delivered an overview of how computational tools are reshaping the design of nonnatural metabolic pathways—engineered biochemical routes that do not exist in nature but enable ...

Forgetting feels like a failure of attention, but physics treats it as a fundamental process with a measurable price. At the ...

There are "costs of life" that mechanical physics cannot calculate. A clear example is the energy required to keep specific ...

Living cells pay a hidden energy price not just to run chemical reactions, but to keep them on track and block all the ...

Almost exactly 200 years ago, French physicist Sadi Carnot determined the maximum efficiency of heat engines. The Carnot ...

A new JSTAT study shows how to compute the minimum energy cells use to sustain certain metabolic pathways while suppressing ...

In pressure relief systems, accurately estimating temperature changes during fluid flow is vital for relief piping ...

Oxygen isotopes data enable researchers to look far back into the geologic past and reconstruct the climate of the past. In ...

As spring takes the place of winter, heavier outerwear quickly gives way to lighter weight jackets and clothing. More often than not a few cold spells can set in quickly. Generally, these weather ...