During femtosecond laser fabrication, photons are mainly absorbed by electrons, and the subsequent energy transfer from electrons to ions is of picosecond order. Hence, lattice motion is negligible ...

Perhaps the most surprising thing about shadowgraphs is how simple they are: you simply take a point source of light, pass the light through a the volume of air to be imaged, and record the pattern ...

Abstract: This paper shows that the liquid water content (LWC) and the median volume diameter (MVD) can be derived from the images of water droplets using a shadowgraph imaging system with incoherent ...

Abstract: Experimental investigations were carried out to study the tracking process on pressboard in esters under ac voltages. The evolutions of creepage discharges were analyzed by correlating the ...