While mutualism is highly complex, it can be roughly broken down into two types of relationship. Obligate mutualism is where the species are entirely dependent on each other ; Faculative mutualism is ...

The mutualism between ant plants and their ant inhabitants is a classic example of biological teamwork. The plant offers a safe refuge, ... which is often scarce in rainforest soils.

Theoretical ecologists have made disparate predictions regarding the relationship between mutualism and stability. Here, Pascual-García and Bastolla develop a theoretical framework showing that ...

The analysis of a termite entombed for 100 million years in an ancient piece of amber has revealed the oldest example of "mutualism" ever discovered between an animal and microorganism, and also ...

M13, the virus used by the researchers, is categorized as a bacteriophage because it targets bacteria. Although mutualism and parasitism are both examples of symbiosis, or interactions between two ...

Reakirt's blue is in the family Lycaenidae, which includes blues, hairstreaks, coppers and harvesters, for a total of about 6,000 species. Biologists estimate that 2,000 species of Lycaenids have ...

Mutualism is all about the connectivity of things in the wild and how they get along by working together. The cactus feeds the ant, the ant feeds the cactus and protects it from harm.

It’s well known that pollinators give us our favorite foods, from strawberries to sunflower seeds. But less familiar is what drives pollination: Mutualism. It’s an interaction between two ...

The term “mutualism” was coined by French philosopher Pierre-Joseph Proudhon in the mid-19th century as part of his broader critique of capitalism and authoritarianism.