Please provide your email address to receive an email when new articles are posted on . You've successfully added to your alerts. You will receive an email when new content is published. Click Here to ...

Calcium oxalate crystals are the most common cause of kidney stones — hard clumps of minerals and other substances that form in the kidneys. These crystals are made from oxalate — a substance found in ...

A number of lab studies can aid in assessing a patient’s risk of stone formation. Urinalysis: Routine urinalysis and culture should be performed in all stone formers and those at risk. Whereas urine ...

While kidney stones composed predominantly of calcium phosphate are less than 10 % of total stones, the importance of this compound arises from the recent findings that calcium phosphate appears to be ...

The pH scale is used to measure the acidity of a fluid. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral, whereas a pH result below 7 is acidic and above 7 is alkaline. Urine has the widest ...

Urine color is mainly determined by chemical content and concentration. Urine is usually yellow due to the naturally occurring pigment urobilin, formed as a result of heme breakdown. [11] Clinically, ...