From these benign origins, however, we argue that the relationship has become parasitic. Such a change is not uncommon in nature; a mutualist can evolve to become a parasite, or vice versa.

Philosophers have spoken of this not in terms of mutualism, but rather as phones being an extension of the human mind, like notebooks, maps and other tools. From these benign origins, however, we ...

From these benign origins, however, we argue the relationship has become parasitic. Such a change is not uncommon in nature; a mutualist can evolve to become a parasite, or vice versa.

Study Claims Smartphones Are Manipulative Parasites That Meld With Your Mind by Aaron Leong — Friday, June 06, 2025, 11:36 AM EDT Comments ...

Aleksandra Madejska/Shutterstock Mutual or parasitic? It might be informative to think of the AI-human relationship as a mutualism – two species each providing the other with something they need.