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New guidelines on the diagnosis, classification, and treatment of true hypotonic hyponatremia have been published online in the European Journal of Endocrinology. The guidelines focus on managing ...

The term hyponatremia refers to a condition where the blood level of the electrolyte sodium is too low. A healthy sodium level is between 135 and 145 mmol/l and a person is considered to be ...

When your liver is severely damaged, you can end up with cirrhosis that then contributes to hyponatremia, which is low blood sodium levels. When your liver is damaged, your body repairs the damage by ...

Human cells dwell in salt water. Their well-being depends on the ability of the body to regulate the salinity of extracellular fluids. By controlling water intake and excretion, the osmoregulatory ...