The advent of all‐optical modulation format conversion techniques has fundamentally reshaped modern optical communications. These techniques enable the direct manipulation of optical signals in their ...

One of digital communication's most useful tools, both analytically and practically, is the constellation diagram. These diagrams encompass signal constellations, which chronologically and ...

Modulation is fundamental to electronic communications. The modulating signal might be analog in nature (voice or music) or digital bit streams. Most modern communication systems are digital, using ...