The move, intended to reduce France’s public-sector deficit from 6.1% of GDP to 5% through €60 billion in tax increases and spending cuts, has been heavily criticized from both political sides. French media have referred to the no-confidence vote as a "moment of truth" that could plunge the country into political uncertainty.

The toppling of the Michel Barnier-led government after just three months in office would present President Emmanuel Macron with an unenviable dilemma over how to go forwards and who to appoint in his place.

The French Prime Minister Michel Barnier has said it is "possible" he could survive a no-confidence vote in his minority government. Opposition parties have tabled the motion to oust the former Brexit negotiator after he used special powers to force through his budget without a vote.